• ♦Manual Notice2001-1
• ►1. Organizational Overview
  • ►1. This Manual
    • ♦Overview
    • ♦Bridge Design Manual Format
  • ►2. Evolution of the TxDOT Bridge Division
    • ♦Origin of the TxDOT Bridge Division
    • ♦1940s and 1950s
    • ♦Recent Years
• ►2. TxDOT and Bridge Design
  • ►1. Coordinating with TxDOT Divisions and Sections
    • ♦Overview
  • ►2. Primary Responsibilities of the Bridge Design Section
    • ♦Overview
    • ♦Structural Design
    • ♦Preparation and Approval of Working Drawings
  • ►3. Coordination Responsibilities of the Bridge Design Section
    • ♦Overview
    • ♦Overweight/Oversize Permits
    • ♦Structures Research Management Committee (RMC 5)
    • ♦Preliminary Consultation Regarding Structure Type
    • ♦Consultation During Plan Preparation by Others
    • ♦Scheduling Plan Work
    • ♦Oversight
    • ♦Interaction with Outside Agencies
  • ►4. Contractive Responsibilities of the Bridge Design Section
    • ♦Overview
• ►3. Design Specifications
  • ►1. Mandatory Specifications
    • ♦Overview
    • ♦AASHTO Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges
    • ♦AASHTO Standard Specifications for Structural Supports for Highway Signs, Luminaires and Traffic Signals (D1.1)
    • ♦ANSI/AASHTO/AWS Bridge Welding Code (D1.5)
    • ♦AREMA Specifications
    • ♦Individual Railroad Company Requirements
  • ►2. Guide Specifications
    • ♦Overview
    • ♦AASHTO Guide Specifications
  • ►3. Industry Recommendations
    • ♦Overview
    • ♦Concrete
    • ♦Steel
    • ♦Materials
• ►4. Geometric Restraints
  • ►1. Bridge Width
    • ♦Overview
    • ♦Background
    • ♦Current Status
    • ♦Design Practice
  • ►2. Bridge Span Length
    • ♦Overview
    • ♦Grade Separations
    • ♦Stream Crossings
    • ♦Marine Bridges
  • ►3. Horizontal and Vertical Clearances
    • ♦Overview
    • ♦Highway Grade Separations
    • ♦Stream Crossings
    • ♦Railroad Overpasses
    • ♦Railroad Underpasses
    • ♦Pedestrian Bridges and Non-redundant Bridge Supports
    • ♦Sign Bridges
    • ♦Intracoastal Canal Bridges
    • ♦Bridges over International Shipping Lanes
    • ♦Explanatory Notes for Figure 4-2
  • ►4. Alignment
    • ♦Overview
    • ♦Background
    • ♦Current Practice
    • ♦Design Recommendations
  • ►5. Stage Construction
    • ♦Overview
    • ♦Existing Structure Removal
    • ♦New Substructure
    • ♦New Superstructure
• ►5. Preliminary Considerations
  • ►1. Materials
    • ♦Overview
    • ♦Concrete
    • ♦Structural Steel
    • ♦Prestressing Steel
    • ♦Reinforcing Steel
    • ♦Timber
    • ♦Aluminum
    • ♦Neoprene
    • ♦Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Composites
    • ♦Miscellaneous Materials
  • ►2. Structure Type
    • ♦Superstructure
    • ♦Explanatory notes for Figure 5-1
    • ♦Explanatory Notes for Figure 5-2
    • ♦Explanatory Notes for Figure 5-3
    • ♦Explanatory Notes for Figure 5-4
    • ♦Explanatory Notes for Figure 5-5
    • ♦Explanatory Notes for Figure 5-6
    • ♦Explanatory Notes for Figure 5-7
    • ♦Explanatory Notes for Figure 5-8
    • ♦Explanatory Notes for Figure 5-9
    • ♦Explanatory Notes for Figure 5-10
    • ♦Explanatory Notes for Figure 5-11
    • ♦Explanatory Notes for Figure 5-12
    • ♦Explanatory Notes for Figure 5-13
    • ♦Explanatory Notes for Figure 5-14
    • ♦Substructure
    • ♦Foundation
  • ♦3. Economics
  • ♦4. Aesthetics
  • ♦5. Corrosion Problems
  • ♦6. Railing
• ►6. General Design Controls
  • ►1. Specifications
    • ♦AASHTO Specifications
    • ♦FHWA and Industry Participation
    • ♦Recent Changes
    • ♦AREMA Specifications
    • ♦Wind-Sensitive Structures
  • ►2. Loading
    • ♦Overview
    • ♦AASHTO Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges
    • ♦Explanatory Notes for Figure 6-1
    • ♦Explanatory Notes for Figure 6.2
    • ♦Explanatory Notes for Figure 6-3
    • ♦Explanatory Notes for Figure 6-4
    • ♦AREMA Specifications
    • ♦AASHTO Standard Specifications of Structural Supports for Highway Signs, Luminaires, and Traffic Signals
  • ►3. Load Distribution
    • ♦Overview
    • ♦Load Distribution
    • ♦Horizontal Loads
  • ►4. Design Methods
    • ♦Overview
    • ♦AASHTO Specifications
    • ♦AREMA Specifications
    • ♦AASHTO Standard Specifications for Structural Supports for Highway Signs, Luminaires, and Traffic Signals
  • ►5. Design Philosophy
    • ♦Design Evolution
    • ♦Design Considerations
    • ♦Maintenance Considerations
    • ♦Design Notes
• ►7. Superstructure Design
  • ►1. One-Way Deck Slabs on Stringers
    • ♦Background
    • ♦Design Specifications
    • ♦Design Stress
    • ♦Concrete Cover
    • ♦Design Methods
    • ♦Prestressed Concrete Panels
    • ♦Maintenance Issues
    • ♦Deck Continuity for Simple Spans
    • ♦Current Status
    • ♦Design Recommendations
  • ►2. Two-Way Deck Slabs on Stringers
    • ♦Background
    • ♦Current Status
    • ♦Design Recommendations
  • ►3. Simple Concrete Slab Spans
    • ♦Background
    • ♦History
    • ♦Design Issues
    • ♦Current Status
    • ♦Design Recommendations
  • ►4. Continuous Concrete Slab Spans
    • ♦Background
    • ♦Current Status
    • ♦Design Recommendations
  • ►5. Simple Concrete Girder Spans
    • ♦Background
    • ♦Construction Issues
    • ♦Maintenance Issues
    • ♦Current Status
    • ♦Design Recommendations
  • ►6. Concrete Pan Form Slab and Girder Spans
    • ♦Background
    • ♦Construction Problems
    • ♦Maintenance Problems
    • ♦Current Status
    • ♦Design Recommendations
  • ►7. Continuous Concrete Girder Spans
    • ♦Background
    • ♦Maintenance Issues
    • ♦Current Status
    • ♦Design Recommendations
  • ►8. Concrete Box Girder Spans
    • ♦Background
    • ♦Current Status
    • ♦Design Recommendations
  • ►9. Prestressed Concrete Deck Slabs
    • ♦Background
    • ♦Current Status
    • ♦Design Recommendations
  • ►10. Prestressed Continuous Slab Spans
    • ♦Background
    • ♦Construction Problems
    • ♦Current Status
    • ♦Design Recommendations
  • ►11. Prestressed Simple Slab and Girder Spans
    • ♦Background
    • ♦Current Status
    • ♦Design Recommendations
  • ►12. Prestressed Pan Form Slab and Girder Spans
    • ♦Background
    • ♦Current Status
    • ♦Design Recommendations
  • ►13. Prestressed Continuous Concrete Girder Spans
    • ♦Background
    • ♦Current Status
    • ♦Design Recommendations
  • ►14. Prestressed Cast-in-Place Box Girder Spans
    • ♦Background
    • ♦Current Status
    • ♦Design Recommendations
  • ►15. Prestressed Segmental Box Girder Spans
    • ♦Background
    • ♦Span-by-Span Construction
    • ♦Balanced Cantilever
    • ♦Projects
    • ♦Design and Construction Issues
    • ♦Current Status
    • ♦Design Recommendations
  • ►16. Prestressed TxDOT Box Beam Spans
    • ♦Background
    • ♦Construction Problems
    • ♦Current Status
    • ♦Design Recommendations
  • ►17. Prestressed AASHTO/PCI Box Beam Spans
    • ♦Background
    • ♦Construction Issues
    • ♦Current Status
    • ♦Design Recommendations
  • ►18. Prestressed Slab Beam Spans
    • ♦Background
    • ♦Current Status
    • ♦Design Recommendations (Houston’s Slab Beam Only)
  • ►19. Prestressed Single Tee Beam Spans
    • ♦Background
    • ♦Current Status
    • ♦Design Recommendations
  • ►20. Prestressed Double Tee Beam Spans
    • ♦Background
    • ♦Design Issues
    • ♦Fabrication Issues
    • ♦Construction Issues
    • ♦Maintenance Issues
    • ♦Current Status
    • ♦Design Recommendations
  • ►21. Prestressed Simple I-Beam Spans
    • ♦Background
    • ♦Standard Span and Bent Details
    • ♦Modified Shapes
    • ♦Design Issues
    • ♦Fabrication Issues
    • ♦Construction Issues
    • ♦Maintenance Issues
    • ♦Long-Term Performance Issues
    • ♦Current Status
    • ♦Design Recommendations
  • ►22. Prestressed Cantilever/Drop-In I-Beam Spans
    • ♦Background
    • ♦Design Issues
    • ♦Fabrication Issues
    • ♦Construction Issues
    • ♦Current Status
    • ♦Design Recommendations
  • ►23. Prestressed Continuous for Live Load I-Beam Spans
    • ♦Background
    • ♦Fabrication Issues
    • ♦Construction Issues
    • ♦Maintenance Issues
    • ♦Current Status
    • ♦Design Recommendations
  • ►24. Prestressed U-Beam Spans
    • ♦Background
    • ♦Current Status
    • ♦Design Recommendations
  • ►25. Rolled Steel I-Beam Spans
    • ♦Background
    • ♦Current Status
    • ♦Design Recommendations
  • ►26. Steel Plate Girder Spans
    • ♦Background
    • ♦Fabrication Issues
    • ♦Erection Issues
    • ♦Maintenance Issues
    • ♦Current Status
    • ♦Design Recommendations
  • ►27. Trapezoidal Box Girders
    • ♦Background
    • ♦Current Status
    • ♦Design Recommendations
• ►8. Substructure Design
  • ►1. Abutments
    • ♦Overview
    • ♦Background
    • ♦Current Status
    • ♦Design Recommendations
  • ►2. Interior Bents
    • ♦Background
    • ♦Construction Issues
    • ♦Maintenance Issues
    • ♦Current Status
    • ♦Design Recommendations – Rectangular Caps
    • ♦Design Recommendations – Inverted Tee Caps
    • ♦Design Recommendations – Steel Box Girders
    • ♦Design Recommendations – Integral Steel I-Girders
    • ♦Design Recommendations – Integral Prestressed Concrete
    • ♦General Design Recommendations for Columns
    • ♦Column Design – Multi-Column Bents
    • ♦Column Design – Single-Column Bents
    • ♦Steel Columns
    • ♦Prestressed Concrete Columns
    • ♦Foundation Loads
    • ♦Footings
  • ►3. Piers
    • ♦Background
    • ♦Current Status
    • ♦Design Recommendations
    • ♦Seal Design
  • ♦4. Pier Protection
• ►9. Special Designs
  • ►1. Widenings
    • ♦Background
    • ♦Construction Issues
    • ♦Maintenance Issues
    • ♦Current Status
    • ♦Design Recommendations
  • ►2. Strengthenings
    • ♦Background
    • ♦Current Status
    • ♦Design Recommendations
  • ►3. Deck Replacements
    • ♦Background
    • ♦Current Status
    • ♦Design Recommendations
  • ►4. Raisings
    • ♦Background
    • ♦Current Status
    • ♦Design Recommendations
  • ►5. Railroad Underpasses
    • ♦Background
    • ♦Current Status
    • ♦Superstructure Type
    • ♦Recent Examples
    • ♦Design Recommendations
    • ♦AREMA Specifications
    • ♦Crash Walls for Railroad Overpasses
  • ►6. Pedestrian Underpasses
    • ♦Background
    • ♦Current Status
    • ♦Design Recommendations
  • ►7. Historic Bridges
    • ♦Background
    • ♦Current Status
    • ♦Design Recommendations
  • ►8. Long Span Bridges
    • ♦Truss Spans
    • ♦Arch Spans
    • ♦Cable-Stayed Spans
  • ►9. Bridge Railing
    • ♦Background
    • ♦Current Status
    • ♦Retrofit Railing
  • ►10. Expansion Joints
    • ♦Background
    • ♦Construction Issues
    • ♦Maintenance Issues
    • ♦Current Status
    • ♦Design Recommendations
  • ►11. Bearings
    • ♦Background
    • ♦Design Issues
    • ♦Fabrication Issues
    • ♦Construction Issues
    • ♦Maintenance Issues
    • ♦Current Status
    • ♦Design Recommendations
  • ►12. Anchor Bolts
    • ♦Background
    • ♦Construction Issues
    • ♦Maintenance Issues
    • ♦Current Status
    • ♦Design Recommendations
  • ►13. Deck Drainage
    • ♦Background
    • ♦Current Status
    • ♦Design Recommendations
  • ►14. Reinforced Concrete Box Culverts
    • ♦Background
    • ♦Early Designs
    • ♦Recent Changes
    • ♦Current Status
    • ♦Design Recommendations
  • ►15. Reinforced Concrete Pipe
    • ♦Background
    • ♦Current Status
    • ♦Design Recommendations
  • ►16. Corrugated Metal Pipe
    • ♦Current Status
    • ♦Design Recommendations
  • ►17. Structural Plate Structures
    • ♦Current Status
    • ♦Design Recommendations
  • ►18. Long Span Structural Plate Structures
    • ♦Background
    • ♦Current Status
    • ♦Design Recommendations
  • ►19. Sign Support Structures
    • ♦Background
    • ♦Design Issues
    • ♦Construction Issues
    • ♦Maintenance Issues
    • ♦Current Status
    • ♦Design Recommendations
  • ►20. High Mast Illumination Poles
    • ♦Background
    • ♦Current Status
    • ♦Design Recommendations
  • ►21. Traffic Signal Poles
    • ♦Background
    • ♦Current Status
    • ♦Design Recommendations
  • ►22. Sound Walls
    • ♦Background
    • ♦Current Status
    • ♦Design Recommendations
  • ►23. Wildlife Issues
    • ♦Background
    • ♦Current Status
    • ♦Design Recommendations
• ►10. Foundation Design
  • ►1. Vertical Resistance
    • ♦Background
    • ♦Bridge Foundation Design Issues
    • ♦Current Status
    • ♦Design Recommendations
  • ►2. Lateral Loads and Resistance
    • ♦Background
    • ♦Current Status
    • ♦Design Recommendations
  • ►3. Retaining Walls
    • ♦Background
    • ♦Construction Issues
    • ♦Maintenance Issues
    • ♦Current Status
    • ♦Design Recommendations
  • ►4. Slope Stability
    • ♦Background
    • ♦Current Status
    • ♦Design Recommendations
• ►A. References
• ►B. Supplemental Design Criteria for Prestressed Concrete U Beams
• ►C. Design Formulas for Inverted Tee Bents
• ►D. Load vs. Moment Interaction Diagrams

Bridge Design Manual

December 2001

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