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Section 4: Useful Information

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General Formulas

General Formulas. (click in image to see full-size image) Anchor: #i998732

Figure 1-4. General Formulas.

Online users can click 1-4 to view this illustration in PDF.

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Tables of English Decimal Values

Anchor: #i1012357Table 1-1: Decimals of a foot for each 1/16 of an inch

Inch

0"

1"

2"

3"

4"

5"

6"

7"

8"

9"

10"

11"

0"

.0000

.0833

.1667

.2500

.3333

.4167

.5000

.5833

.6667

.7500

.8333

.9167

1/16"

.0052

.0885

.1719

.2552

.3385

.4219

.5052

.5885

.6719

.7552

.8385

.9219

1/8"

.0104

.0938

.1771

.2604

.3438

.4271

.5104

.5938

.6771

.7604

.8438

.9271

3/16"

.0156

.0990

.1823

.2656

.3490

.4323

.5156

.5990

.6823

.7656

.8490

.9323

1/4"

.0208

.1042

.1875

.2708

.3542

.4375

.5208

.6042

.6875

.7708

.8542

.9375

5/16"

.0260

.1094

.1927

.2760

.3594

.4427

.5260

.6094

.6927

.7760

.8594

.9427

3/8"

.0313

.1146

.1979

.2813

.3646

.4479

.5313

.6146

.6979

.7813

.8646

.9479

7/16"

.0365

.1198

.2031

.2865

.3698

.4531

.5365

.6198

.7031

.7865

.8698

.9531

1/2"

.0417

.1250

.2083

.2917

.3750

.4583

.5417

.6250

.7083

.7917

.8750

.9583

9/16"

.0469

.1302

.2135

.2969

.3802

.4635

.5469

.6302

.7135

.7969

.8802

.9635

5/8"

.0521

.1354

.2188

.3021

.3854

.4688

.5521

.6354

.7188

.8021

.8854

.9688

11/16"

.0573

.1406

.2240

.3073

.3906

.4740

.5573

.6406

.7240

.8073

.8904

.9740

3/4"

.0625

.1458

.2292

.3125

.3958

.4792

.5625

.6458

.7292

.8125

.8958

.9792

13/16"

.0677

.1510

.2344

.3177

.4010

.4844

.5677

.6510

.7344

.8177

.9010

.9844

7/8"

.0729

.1563

.2396

.3229

.4063

.4896

.5729

.6563

.7396

.8229

.9063

.9896

15/16"

.0781

.1615

.2448

.3281

.4115

.4948

.5781

.6615

.7748

.8281

.9115

.9948


Anchor: #i1029661Table 1-2: Decimals of an inch for each 1/16 of an inch

Fraction

Decimal

Fraction

Decimal

Fraction

Decimal

Fraction

Decimal

1/16”

.0625”

5/16”

.3125”

9/16”

.5625”

13/16”

.8125”

1/8”

.1250”

3/8”

.3750”

5/8”

.6250”

7/8”

.8750”

3/16”

.1875”

.1875”

.4375”

11/16”

.6875”

15/16”

.9375”

1/4”

.2500”

.2500”

.5000”

3/4”

.7500”

1”

1.000”


Anchor: #i1012599Table 1-3: Detailing Tolerances

Detail

Shown to Nearest

All framing and forming dimensions for steel and concrete components

0.001 ft. or

1/16 in.

Locations of columns, shafts, and piling

(Use 3" increments unless spacing depends on preset conditions)

0.001 ft.

Reinforcing steel dimensions

(Use nearest 1/2" or 1" where practical. Show to nearest 1" in Bar Table.)

1/4 in.

Reinforcing steel spacing

1/4 in.

Stations

0.01 ft.

Elevations

Layouts

0.01 ft.

Elevations

Everywhere else

0.001 ft.

Angles

1 sec.

Column H heights

1 ft.

Drilled shaft and pile lengths

1 ft.


Anchor: #i1012647Table 1-4: Material Weights

Material

Lbs / CF

Concrete, reinforced, stone

150

Concrete, plain, stone

144

Concrete, plain, slag

130

Concrete, light weight

50-80

Asphalt surfacing

140

Aluminum, cast, hammered

165

Brass, cast, rolled

534

Bronze

544

Copper, cast, rolled

556

Iron, cast, gray, or pig

450

Iron, wrought

480

Lead

706

Magnesium alloy

112

Stainless steel

492-510

Steel, rolled

490

Water, 4º C (max density)

62.428

Water, 100º C

59.830

Clean ice

56

Snow, fresh

8

Oil

54

Gasoline

75

Granite

175

Limestone

165

Marble

165

Sandstone

147

Slate

175

Clay, dry

63

Clay, damp, plastic

110

Clay and gravel, dry

100

Earth, dry, loose

76

Earth, dry, packed

95

Earth, mud, flowing

108

Earth, mud, packed

115

Sand or gravel excavation in water

60

Clay excavation in water

80

River mud excavation

90

Soil excavation in water

70

Timber or lumber

50

Plywood

50


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