4. Equipment and Resources | TxDOT GPS User’s Manual | TxDOT Manual System

♦Manual Notice 2005-1
►1. Introduction
- ►1. Overview
  - ♦Summary
  - ♦Documentation of Authority
  - ♦Laws and Standards
  - ♦Purpose of the TxDOT GPS User’s Manual
  - ♦Scope
  - ♦Organization of Chapters
- ►2. Chapter Descriptions
  - ♦About this Section
  - ♦Chapter 2, Background
  - ♦Chapter 3, Accuracy Standards
  - ♦Chapter 4, Equipment and Resources
  - ♦Chapter 5, Network Design
  - ♦Chapter 6, GPS Survey Specifications
  - ♦Chapter 7, Units, Data, and Metadata
  - ♦Chapter 8, Project Documentation and Deliverables to TxDOT
  - ♦Appendix A, References
  - ♦Appendix B, Glossary
  - ♦Hyperlinks
  - ♦How to Get Help
  - ♦Printing
►2. Background
- ►1. Overview
  - ♦Purpose
- ►2. Surveying with GPS
- ►3. Surveying Vertical Networks with GPS
  - ♦Overview
  - ♦Ellipsoid Measurements
  - ♦Height Component
- ►4. Coordinate Systems
►3. Accuracy Standards
- ►1. Overview
  - ♦Summary
- ►2. GPS Survey Accuracy
  - ♦Overview
  - ♦Federal Geographic Data Committee Methodology
- ►3. Local and Network Accuracy
- ►4. Standards and Specifications
  - ♦Standards and Specifications Issues
  - ♦Accuracy Levels and Specifications
  - ♦Statistical Analyses
  - ♦Terminology
▼4. Equipment and Resources
- ►1. Overview
  - ♦Summary
- ►2. Instruments
  - ♦GPS Receiver
  - ♦GPS Antenna
  - ♦GPS-RTK Rover Rod
  - ♦Tripods
  - ♦Tribrachs
  - ♦Instrumentation Requirements
  - ♦Personnel
- ►3. Internet Resources
  - ♦The CORS Site
  - ♦Retrieving Data from the CORS Site
  - ♦Obtaining Coordinates from the CORS Site
  - ♦OPUS
  - ♦NGS Description of OPUS
  - ♦NGS OPUS Requirements
  - ♦Useful Web Sites
  - ♦Retrieving Data from TxDOT
►5. Network Design
- ►1. Overview
  - ♦Summary
- ►2. Design Features
  - ♦Control
  - ♦Orthometric Heigth
  - ♦Network Baseline
  - ♦Accuracy Standards for Network Baseline
  - ♦Example of a Network Design Procedure
►6. GPS Survey Specification
- ►1. Overview
  - ♦Scope
- ►2. Specifications
  - ♦Overview
- ►3. Planning
  - ♦Overview
  - ♦Reconnaissance
  - ♦Monumentation for New Stations
  - ♦Naming Convention for Level 1 and Level 2 Monuments
  - ♦Control Point Data Sheet Form
  - ♦GPS Control Point
  - ♦Satellite Health and Availability
  - ♦Sky Visibility
  - ♦Satellite Geometry
  - ♦Space Weather Considerations
- ►4. Monumentation
  - ♦Overview
  - ♦Monumentation Guidelines
- ►5. Survey Methods
- ►6. Field Survey Operations and Procedures
  - ♦Overview
  - ♦TxDOT Survey Levels
  - ♦Level 1 Surveys
  - ♦Level 2 Surveys
  - ♦Level 3 Surveys
  - ♦Level 4 Surveys
  - ♦Level 5 Surveys
  - ♦Level 6 Surveys
  - ♦Level 7 Surveys
  - ♦Field Quality Control
  - ♦Monument Identification
  - ♦Data Collection Forms
  - ♦Static Observation Field Procedures
  - ♦RTK Field Procedures
  - ♦Rover Settings
  - ♦Rover Initialization
  - ♦RTK for Wing Panels
  - ♦RTK for Topographical Surveys
- ►7. Data Processing
  - ♦Overview
  - ♦Orbit Ephemeris
  - ♦Atmospheric Error Reduction
  - ♦Baseline Processing
  - ♦Troubleshooting Problematic Baselines
  - ♦Baseline Analysis
  - ♦Baseline Processing Reports
  - ♦Comparison of Redundant Baselines
  - ♦Loop Closure Reports
  - ♦Data Adjustment Analysis
  - ♦Minimally Constrained Adjustment
  - ♦Fully Constrained Adjustment
  - ♦Orthometric Height Determination
►7. Units, Datum and Metadata
- ►1. Overview
  - ♦Purpose
- ►2. Units and Datum
  - ♦Units
  - ♦Datum
  - ♦Surface Coordinates vs. State Plane Grid Coordinates
- ►3. Metadata
  - ♦Identifying Delivered Coordinates
  - ♦Conversions and Transformations
►8. Project Documentation and Deliverables to TxDOT
- ►1. Overview
  - ♦Purpose
  - ♦Scope
- ►2. Project Documentation
  - ♦Printed Technical Reports
  - ♦Digital Data
  - ♦Control Point Data Sheets
- ►3. Project Deliverables
  - ♦Validation Surveys
►A. References
►B. Glossary

Chapter 4: Equipment and Resources

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Section 1: Overview

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Summary

This chapter presents valuable information regarding the use of GPS instruments and equipment. It includes discussions on the requirements for accurate and consistent data collection for a variety of instruments and equipment. Basic instrumentation for TxDOT GPS control surveys includes multiple sets of receivers, antennas, and fixed-height and/or variable height tripods. To minimize equipment biases, use of identical equipment is encouraged whenever possible.