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• ♦Manual Notice 2005-1
• ►1. Introduction
  • ►1. Overview
    • ♦Summary
    • ♦Documentation of Authority
    • ♦Laws and Standards
    • ♦Purpose of the TxDOT GPS User’s Manual
    • ♦Scope
    • ♦Organization of Chapters
  • ►2. Chapter Descriptions
    • ♦About this Section
    • ♦Chapter 2, Background
    • ♦Chapter 3, Accuracy Standards
    • ♦Chapter 4, Equipment and Resources
    • ♦Chapter 5, Network Design
    • ♦Chapter 6, GPS Survey Specifications
    • ♦Chapter 7, Units, Data, and Metadata
    • ♦Chapter 8, Project Documentation and Deliverables to TxDOT
    • ♦Appendix A, References
    • ♦Appendix B, Glossary
    • ♦Hyperlinks
    • ♦How to Get Help
    • ♦Printing
• ►2. Background
  • ►1. Overview
    • ♦Purpose
  • ►2. Surveying with GPS
    • ♦Survey Background Information
    • ♦Accuracy of a GPS Survey
    • ♦Error Sources in a GPS Survey
    • ♦Operational Procedures
  • ►3. Surveying Vertical Networks with GPS
    • ♦Overview
    • ♦Ellipsoid Measurements
    • ♦Height Component
  • ►4. Coordinate Systems
    • ♦Overview
    • ♦National Spatial Reference System (NSRS) and Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS)
    • ♦Cooperative CORS Stations
    • ♦FBN and CBN
• ►3. Accuracy Standards
  • ►1. Overview
    • ♦Summary
  • ►2. GPS Survey Accuracy
    • ♦Overview
    • ♦Federal Geographic Data Committee Methodology
  • ►3. Local and Network Accuracy
    • ♦Standards
    • ♦Positional Tolerance and Associated Coordinates
    • ♦Federal Geodetic Data Committee (FGDC) Standards
    • ♦TxDOT Standards
  • ►4. Standards and Specifications
    • ♦Standards and Specifications Issues
    • ♦Accuracy Levels and Specifications
    • ♦Statistical Analyses
    • ♦Terminology
• ►4. Equipment and Resources
  • ►1. Overview
    • ♦Summary
  • ►2. Instruments
    • ♦GPS Receiver
    • ♦GPS Antenna
    • ♦GPS-RTK Rover Rod
    • ♦Tripods
    • ♦Tribrachs
    • ♦Instrumentation Requirements
    • ♦Personnel
  • ►3. Internet Resources
    • ♦The CORS Site
    • ♦Retrieving Data from the CORS Site
    • ♦Obtaining Coordinates from the CORS Site
    • ♦OPUS
    • ♦NGS Description of OPUS
    • ♦NGS OPUS Requirements
    • ♦Useful Web Sites
    • ♦Retrieving Data from TxDOT
• ►5. Network Design
  • ►1. Overview
    • ♦Summary
  • ►2. Design Features
    • ♦Control
    • ♦Orthometric Heigth
    • ♦Network Baseline
    • ♦Accuracy Standards for Network Baseline
    • ♦Example of a Network Design Procedure
• ►6. GPS Survey Specification
  • ►1. Overview
    • ♦Scope
  • ►2. Specifications
    • ♦Overview
  • ►3. Planning
    • ♦Overview
    • ♦Reconnaissance
    • ♦Monumentation for New Stations
    • ♦Naming Convention for Level 1 and Level 2 Monuments
    • ♦Control Point Data Sheet Form
    • ♦GPS Control Point
    • ♦Satellite Health and Availability
    • ♦Sky Visibility
    • ♦Satellite Geometry
    • ♦Space Weather Considerations
  • ►4. Monumentation
    • ♦Overview
    • ♦Monumentation Guidelines
  • ►5. Survey Methods
    • ♦Static Positioning
    • ♦FastStatic (Rapid Static) Positioning
    • ♦Post-Processed Kinematic (PPK) Positioning
    • ♦Real-time Kinematic (RTK) Positioning
  • ►6. Field Survey Operations and Procedures
    • ♦Overview
    • ♦TxDOT Survey Levels
    • ♦Level 1 Surveys
    • ♦Level 2 Surveys
    • ♦Level 3 Surveys
    • ♦Level 4 Surveys
    • ♦Level 5 Surveys
    • ♦Level 6 Surveys
    • ♦Level 7 Surveys
    • ♦Field Quality Control
    • ♦Monument Identification
    • ♦Data Collection Forms
    • ♦Static Observation Field Procedures
    • ♦RTK Field Procedures
    • ♦Rover Settings
    • ♦Rover Initialization
    • ♦RTK for Wing Panels
    • ♦RTK for Topographical Surveys
  • ►7. Data Processing
    • ♦Overview
    • ♦Orbit Ephemeris
    • ♦Atmospheric Error Reduction
    • ♦Baseline Processing
    • ♦Troubleshooting Problematic Baselines
    • ♦Baseline Analysis
    • ♦Baseline Processing Reports
    • ♦Comparison of Redundant Baselines
    • ♦Loop Closure Reports
    • ♦Data Adjustment Analysis
    • ♦Minimally Constrained Adjustment
    • ♦Fully Constrained Adjustment
    • ♦Orthometric Height Determination
• ▼7. Units, Datum and Metadata
  • ►1. Overview
    • ♦Purpose
  • ►2. Units and Datum
    • ♦Units
    • ♦Datum
    • ♦Surface Coordinates vs. State Plane Grid Coordinates
  • ►3. Metadata
    • ♦Identifying Delivered Coordinates
    • ♦Conversions and Transformations
• ►8. Project Documentation and Deliverables to TxDOT
  • ►1. Overview
    • ♦Purpose
    • ♦Scope
  • ►2. Project Documentation
    • ♦Printed Technical Reports
    • ♦Digital Data
    • ♦Control Point Data Sheets
  • ►3. Project Deliverables
    • ♦Validation Surveys
• ►A. References
• ►B. Glossary

Chapter 7: Units, Datum and Metadata

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Section 1: Overview

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Purpose

The purpose of this chapter is to provide the reader with specifications and guidelines covering essential GPS survey information.