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4. Pavement Evaluation
|
Pavement Manual
|
TxDOT Manual System
♦
Manual Notice 2021-2
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1.
Introduction
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1.
Manual Overview
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1.1 Purpose
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1.2 Comprehensive Development Agreements
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1.3 Organization
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2.
Overview of Policy
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2.1 Summary
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Standard Operating Procedures for Responding to PIA Requests for PMIS and/or Skid Data
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3.
Training
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3.1 Overview
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4.
Contacts
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4.1 Contacts for Questions and Comments
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2.
Pavement Design Process
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1.
Overview
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1.1 Introduction
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1.2 Preliminary Pavement Design
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1.3 Pavement Design Concept Conference
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1.4 Pavement Design Standard Operating Procedure
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2.
Pavement Design Standard Operating Procedure (SOP)
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2.1 Communication
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2.2 Conference Participants
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2.3 Discussion Items
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2.4 Final Authority for Pavement Design
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3.
District Pavement Engineer’s Role
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3.1 History
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3.2 Responsibilities
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3.3 District Pavement Engineer (DPE) Skills
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4.
Pavement Types
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4.1 Rigid and Flexible Pavement Characteristics
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4.2 Flexible Pavement
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4.3 Perpetual Pavement
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4.4 Rigid Pavement
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4.5 Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavement
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4.6 Concrete Pavement Contraction Design (CPCD)
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4.7 Jointed Reinforced Concrete Pavement (JRCP)
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4.8 Post-tensioned Concrete Pavements
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4.9 Composite Pavement
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5.
Pavement Type Selection
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5.1 Introduction
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5.2 Principal Factors
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5.3 Secondary Factors
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5.4 Life-cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA)
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6.
Approved Pavement Design Methods
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6.1 Introduction
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6.2 Flexible Pavement Design System (FPS 21)
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6.3 Modified Texas Triaxial Design Method for Flexible Pavements
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6.4 TxCRCP-ME (for Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavements)
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6.5 AASHTO 93 Design Procedure (for CPCD rigid pavement designs)
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7.
Pavement Design Categories
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7.1 Definitions
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7.2 Example of Conditions for Each Pavement Design’s Usage
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7.3 Federal Aid Eligibility for Preservation and 3R/4R Projects
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8.
Information Needed for Pavement Design
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8.1 Introduction
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8.2 Traffic Loads
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8.3 Serviceability Index
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8.4 Reliability (confidence level)
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8.5 Material Characterization
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8.6 Drainage Characteristics
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8.7 Evaluating Existing Pavement Condition
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9.
Pavement Design Reports
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9.1 Projects Requiring Pavement Design and Pavement Design Reports
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9.2 Pavement Design Report and Other Documentation
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9.3 Completing the Pavement Design Report
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9.4 Pavement Design Report Review and Archive
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3.
Materials Investigation and Selection Information
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1.
Overview
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1.1 General
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2.
Geotechnical Investigation for Pavement Structures
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2.1 Introduction
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2.2 Preliminary Investigation
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2.3 Subsurface Exploration
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2.4 Treatment Guidelines
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2.5 Geotechnical Summary Report for Pavement Design Development
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3.
Flexible Base Selection
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3.1 Introduction
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3.2 Flexible Base Description
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3.3 Base Selection
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4.
Treated Subgrade and Base Courses
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4.1 General
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4.2 Cement, Lime and Fly Ash Treatments
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4.3 Asphalt Treatment (Plant-Mixed) Bases
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4.4 Emulsion and Foamed Asphalt Treatments
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5.
Performance Graded Binders (PG Binders)
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5.1 General
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5.2 Selecting a PG Binder
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6.
Hot-Mix Asphalt Pavement Mixtures
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6.1 General
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6.2 HMA Mix Design
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6.3 Guidelines for Selecting HMA Mixtures
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6.4 Selecting Surface Aggregates to Comply With the Wet Surface Crash Reduction Program (WSCRP)
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7.
Concrete Materials
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7.1 Hydraulic Cements
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7.2 Blended Cements
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7.3 Fly Ash
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7.4 Aggregates
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7.5 Water
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7.6 Chemical Admixtures
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8.
Reinforcing Steel
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9.
Hydraulic Cement Concrete
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9.1 Primary Ingredients
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9.2 Determining Ingredient Proportions
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9.3 Creating Workability, Durability, and Adequate Strength
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9.4 Three Concrete Classes
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10.
Geosynthetics in Pavement Structures
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10.1 Introduction
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10.2 Description of Materials and Applications
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10.3 Geosynthetics for Surface Layer Reinforcement
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10.4 Geosynthetics for Geotechnical Reinforcement
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10.5 Geosynthetics for Drainage Applications
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10.6 Specifications and Testing
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4.
Pavement Evaluation
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1.
Overview
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1.1 Introduction
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1.2 Visual Condition Surveys
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1.3 Non-destructive Testing (NDT)
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1.4 Destructive Testing
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2.
Visual Pavement Condition Surveys
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2.1 Overview
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2.2 Flexible Pavement Visual Survey Condition Categories
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2.3 Rigid Pavement Visual Survey Condition Categories
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3.
Non-Destructive Evaluation of Pavement Functional Properties
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3.1 Introduction
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3.2 Roughness
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3.3 Skid Resistance
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4.
Non-Destructive Evaluation of Pavement Structural Properties
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4.1 Introduction
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4.2 List of Non-Destructive Tools in Order of Availability
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4.3 Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD)
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4.4 Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP)
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4.5 Air-coupled Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)
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4.6 Ground-coupled Penetrating Radar (GPR)
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4.7 Seismic Evaluation Tools
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4.8 Total Pavement Acceptance Device (TPAD)
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5.
Destructive Evaluation of Pavement Structural Properties
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5.1 Introduction
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5.2 Trenching Procedure
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5.3 Coring Procedure
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5.4 Augering
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5.5 Shelby Tube
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6.
Geotechnical Investigation for Pavement Structures
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5.
Flexible Pavement Design
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1.
Overview
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2.
Types of Flexible Pavements
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2.1 Definition of Flexible Pavement
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2.2 Types of Flexible Pavements
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3.
FPS 21 Design Parameters
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3.1 Introduction
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3.2 Program Tools
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3.3 Data Input Components
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3.4 General Input Descriptions
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4.
FPS21 Modulus Inputs and Backcalculation Methodology
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4.1 Overview of Modulus Inputs
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4.2 Virgin and Modified-in-Place Materials
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4.3 Modulus Values for Rehab and Reclamation-type Projects
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4.4 Backcalculation Methodology
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5.
Pavement Detours and Pavement Widening
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5.1 Pavement Detours
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5.2 Pavement Widening
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6.
Perpetual Pavement Design and Mechanistic Design Guidelines
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6.1 General
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6.2 Limiting Strain Criteria
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6.3 Foundation Design
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6.4 Designing a Perpetual Pavement Using FPS21
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6.
Flexible Pavement Construction
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1.
Overview
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1.1 Acknowledgement
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1.2 Introduction
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2.
Base and Subgrade Preparation
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2.1 Introduction
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2.2 Intelligent Compaction
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3.
Pavement Surface Preparation
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3.1 Surface Condition
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3.2 Prime Coat - Flexible Pavements
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3.3 Underseals
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3.4 Seal Coats
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3.5 Existing Surface Preparation for Overlays
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4.
Special Considerations for the Construction of Perpetual Pavements
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4.1 Foundation
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4.2 Other Considerations
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5.
Plant Operations
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5.1 Batch Plants
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5.2 Drum Plants
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6.
Mix Transport
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6.1 Introduction
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6.2 Truck Types
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6.3 Operational Considerations
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6.4 Summary
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7.
Placement
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7.1 Introduction
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7.2 Placement Considerations
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7.3 Asphalt Paver
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7.4 The Spray Paver
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7.5 Thermal Profiling
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7.6 Material Transfer Vehicles (MTVs)
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8.
Compaction
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8.1 Introduction
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8.2 Compaction Measurement and Reporting
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8.3 Compaction Importance
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8.4 Factors Affecting Compaction
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8.5 Compaction Equipment
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8.6 Roller Variables
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8.7 Summary
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7.
Flexible Pavement Rehabilitation
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1.
Overview
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1.1 Introduction
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2.
In-place Surface Recycling
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2.1 Hot In-place Recycling (HIR)
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2.2 Cold In-place Recycling (Bituminous Layers Only)
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3.
Geosynthetics
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3.1 Geosynthetics in Hot-Mix Asphalt (HMA) Applications
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3.2 Geosynthetics in Pavement Bases (non-HMA Applications)
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4.
Flexible Base Overlay and Flexible Base Thickening
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4.1 Flexible Base Overlay
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4.2 Flexible Base Thickening
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5.
Full Depth Reclamation/Recycling (FDR)
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6.
HMA Overlays
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6.1 Structural Overlays
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6.2 Non-structural Overlays
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7.
Surface Treatments
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7.1 General
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7.2 Underseals
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8.
Concrete Overlays
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9.
Reusing Rigid Pavements as Base
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9.1 Break and Seat
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9.2 Crack and Seat
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9.3 Rubblizing
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9.4 Multi-head Breaker (MHB)
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10.
Alternate Pavement Rehabilitation Options
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10.1 Alternate Options to Hot In-place Recycling
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10.2 Alternate Options to Thin Bonded Friction Course
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10.3 Alternate Options to Reflection Crack Relief Interlayer (RCRI)
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8.
Rigid Pavement Design
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1.
Overview
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1.1 Rigid Pavement Types
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1.2 Selection of Rigid Pavement Type
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1.3 Performance Period
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1.4 Tied Concrete Shoulders
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2.
Approved Design Method
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2.1 Introduction
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2.2 TxCRCP-ME Design Program for CRCP
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2.3 AASHTO Rigid Pavement Design Procedure for CPCD
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3.
Rigid Pavement Design Process for CRCP
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3.1 TxCRCP-ME Design Program
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3.2 TxCRCP-ME Design Input Values
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4.
Rigid Pavement Design Process for CPCD
♦
4.1 Introduction
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4.2 Input Values
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5.
Determining Concrete Pavement Thickness
♦
5.1 Introduction
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6.
Terminal Anchor Joint Selection for Concrete Pavement
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6.1 Terminal Joint Design Recommendation
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7.
Bonded and Unbonded Concrete Overlays
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7.1 Introduction
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7.2 AASHTO Overlay Thickness Design for Bonded Overlays
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7.3 AASHTO Overlay Thickness Design for Unbonded Concrete Overlays
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8.
Thin Concrete Pavement Overlay (Thin Whitetopping)
♦
8.1 Introduction
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8.2 Guidelines for Thin Whitetopping (TWT)
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9.
Rigid Pavement Construction
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1.
Overview
♦
1.1 Introduction
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2.
Concrete Mix Design
♦
2.1 Introduction
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2.2 Job Control Testing
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2.3 Opening to Traffic
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2.4 Maturity Method
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3.
Concrete Plant Operation
♦
3.1 Introduction
♦
3.2 Central-mixed Plants
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3.3 Shrink-mixed Concrete
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3.4 Truck-mixed Concrete
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4.
Delivery of Concrete
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4.1 Introduction
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4.2 Concrete Mixing Trucks
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4.3 Concrete Delivery Time
♦
4.4 Water Additions
♦
4.5 Wash Water
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5.
Reinforcing Steel Placement
♦
5.1 Introduction
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5.2 Reinforcing Steel
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6.
Paving Operations
♦
6.1 Introduction
♦
6.2 Fixed-form Paving
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6.3 Slip-form Paving
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6.4 Placing Concrete
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6.5 Finishing Operations
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6.6 Texturing Operations
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6.7 Curing the Concrete Pavement
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7.
Joints
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7.1 Introduction
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7.2 Contraction Joints
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7.3 Construction Joints
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7.4 Expansion Joints
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7.5 Joint Sealing
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10.
Rigid Pavement Rehabilitation
♦
1.
Overview
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2.
Full-Depth Repair
♦
2.1 Introduction
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2.2 Pavement Distress Types that Require Full-Depth Repair (FDR)
♦
2.3 Full-Depth Repair (FDR) Procedures
►
3.
Concrete Pavement Repair
♦
3.1 Introduction
♦
3.2 Repair Procedures
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4.
Bonded Concrete Overlay
♦
4.1 Introduction
♦
4.2 Bonded Concrete Overlay (BCO) Procedures
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5.
Unbonded Concrete Overlay
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5.1 Introduction
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5.2 UBCO Procedures
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6.
Stitching
♦
6.1 Introduction
♦
6.2 Pavement Distresses that Require Stitching
♦
6.3 Types of Stitching
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7.
Dowel Bar Retrofit
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7.1 Introduction
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7.2 DBR Procedures
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8.
Joint Repair
♦
8.1 Introduction
♦
8.2 Pavement Distresses that Require Joint Repairs
♦
8.3 Load Transfer Devices
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9.
Diamond Grinding
♦
9.1 Introduction
♦
9.2 Pavement Distresses that Require Diamond Grinding (DG)
♦
9.3 Other Issues with DG
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10.
Thin HMA Overlays
♦
10.1 Introduction
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10.2 HMA Overlay on CRCP
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10.3 HMA Overlay on CPCD
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11.
Retro-fitting Concrete Shoulders
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11.
Ride Quality
♦
1.
Overview
►
2.
Ride Quality Measurement
♦
2.1 Introduction
♦
2.2 Equipment for Measuring Ride Quality
♦
3.
Ride Requirements for Flexible Base
♦
4.
Surface Test Type A for Concrete and Hot-Mix Asphalt Surfaces
♦
5.
Surface Test Type B for Concrete and Hot-Mix Asphalt Surfaces
♦
6.
Considerations for Improving Ride Quality
♦
7.
Analysis of Ride Data
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12.
Premature Distress Investigations
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1.
Overview
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1.1 Introduction
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1.2 Technical Assistance
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2.
Investigation Team
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2.1 Objectives
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3.
Investigation Process
♦
3.1 Overview
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13.
Load Zoning and Super Heavy Load Analysis
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1.
Overview of Load Zoning
♦
1.1 Background
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1.2 Executive Orders
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1.3 What is in This Chapter?
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2.
Changing Load Zones on Roads
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2.1 Adding
♦
2.2 Removing
♦
2.3 Changing
►
3.
Emergency Load Zones on Roads
♦
3.1 Setting Emergency Load Zones on Roads
►
4.
Changing Load Zones on County Roads and Bridges
♦
4.1 Law Ruling
♦
4.2 Coordination Between County and District
♦
4.3 Required Information and Supporting Documentation
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5.
Super Heavy Load Analysis Background
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6.
Super Heavy Load Evaluation Process
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7.
Damage from Super Heavy Load Moves
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8.
Damage Claim Procedure
Anchor: #i1005281
Section 6: Geotechnical Investigation for Pavement Structures
See Chapter 3, Section 2,“Geotechnical Investigation for Pavement Structures.”